\n\u9632\u6c34\u7b49\u7ea7<\/td>\n | IP\u4ee3\u7801<\/td>\n | IPX7<\/td>\n | \u6d78\u5165\u6c34\u4e2d1\u7c73\u6df1\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc730\u5206\u949f\u4ecd\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n2.2 \u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u53c2\u6570\u8be6\u89e3<\/h4>\n\uff081\uff09\u6d6e\u529b\u7b49\u7ea7<\/h5>\n\u6d6e\u529b\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u6551\u751f\u8863\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u725b\u987f\uff08N\uff09\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u3002\u6839\u636eISO 12402\u6807\u51c6\uff0cPU\u6c14\u56ca\u5e03\u6599\u6551\u751f\u8863\u7684\u6d6e\u529b\u7b49\u7ea7\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u4f4e\u4e3a150 N\uff0c\u9ad8\u53ef\u8fbe300 N\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7b49\u7ea7\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n \n- 150 N<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u5408\u5e73\u9759\u6c34\u57df\u6216\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/li>\n
- 275 N<\/strong>\uff1a\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f00\u653e\u6c34\u57df\u6216\u6e4d\u6025\u6c34\u6d41\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n
- 300 N<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e13\u4e3a\u6781\u7aef\u6761\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5982\u6d77\u6d6a\u6c79\u6d8c\u6216\u6076\u52a3\u5929\u6c14\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\uff082\uff09\u6c14\u56ca\u5bb9\u91cf<\/h5>\n\u6c14\u56ca\u5bb9\u91cf\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6551\u751f\u8863\u7684\u6d6e\u529b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u57288\u5347\u81f315\u5347\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5bb9\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6d6e\u529b\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u4f53\u79ef\u548c\u91cd\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6743\u8861\u6d6e\u529b\u4e0e\u4fbf\u643a\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n \uff083\uff09\u5145\u6c14\u65f6\u95f4<\/h5>\n\u5145\u6c14\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u6307\u4ece\u89e6\u53d1\u88c5\u7f6e\u542f\u52a8\u5230\u6c14\u56ca\u5b8c\u5168\u81a8\u80c0\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u63a7\u5236\u57282\u79d2\u81f35\u79d2\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7d27\u6025\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u5145\u6c14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u51cf\u5c11\u6eba\u6c34\u98ce\u9669\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1aHendrickson et al., 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n \uff084\uff09CO\u2082\u6c14\u7f50\u538b\u529b<\/h5>\nCO\u2082\u6c14\u7f50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c14\u56ca\u5145\u6c14\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u538b\u529b\u901a\u5e38\u7ef4\u6301\u5728200\u5df4\u81f3250\u5df4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u9ad8\u538b\u6c14\u7f50\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u91cf\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u5145\u6ee1\u6c14\u56ca\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u957f\u671f\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n \uff085\uff09\u6750\u6599\u539a\u5ea6<\/h5>\nPU\u5e03\u6599\u7684\u539a\u5ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8010\u78e8\u6027\u548c\u67d4\u97e7\u6027\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u539a\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a0.2\u6beb\u7c73\u81f30.5\u6beb\u7c73\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8f83\u8584\u7684\u6750\u6599\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8f7b\u91cf\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u800c\u8f83\u539a\u7684\u6750\u6599\u5219\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u9ad8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n \uff086\uff09\u6574\u4f53\u91cd\u91cf<\/h5>\nPU\u6c14\u56ca\u5e03\u6599\u6551\u751f\u8863\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u91cd\u91cf\u4e00\u822c\u5728400\u514b\u81f3800\u514b\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u6ce1\u6cab\u5f0f\u6551\u751f\u8863\uff0c\u5176\u91cd\u91cf\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u643a\u5e26\u548c\u7a7f\u6234\u3002<\/p>\n \uff087\uff09\u5c3a\u5bf8\u8303\u56f4<\/h5>\n\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0cPU\u6c14\u56ca\u5e03\u6599\u6551\u751f\u8863\u901a\u5e38\u63d0\u4f9bS\u3001M\u3001L\u3001XL\u56db\u79cd\u5c3a\u5bf8\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5747\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7cbe\u786e\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8d34\u5408\u4eba\u4f53\u66f2\u7ebf\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f73\u8212\u9002\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n \uff088\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u6e29\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4<\/h5>\nPU\u6c14\u56ca\u5e03\u6599\u6551\u751f\u8863\u80fd\u591f\u5728-20\u00b0C\u81f350\u00b0C\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6b63\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8010\u5019\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u4f7f\u5176\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n \uff089\uff09\u9632\u6c34\u7b49\u7ea7<\/h5>\n\u9632\u6c34\u7b49\u7ea7\u91c7\u7528IP\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u6807\u6ce8\uff0cPU\u6c14\u56ca\u5e03\u6599\u6551\u751f\u8863\u901a\u5e38\u8fbe\u5230IPX7\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5373\u80fd\u591f\u57281\u7c73\u6df1\u7684\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u6ce130\u5206\u949f\u800c\u4e0d\u635f\u574f\u5185\u90e8\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u7535\u5b50\u5143\u4ef6\u53d7\u6f6e\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n \n\u4e09\u3001PU\u6c14\u56ca\u5e03\u6599\u6551\u751f\u8863\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n3.1 \u6c14\u56ca\u5145\u6c14\u673a\u5236<\/h4>\nPU\u6c14\u56ca\u5e03\u6599\u6551\u751f\u8863\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6c14\u56ca\u5145\u6c14\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u906d\u9047\u5371\u9669\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u624b\u52a8\u6216\u81ea\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e6\u53d1CO\u2082\u6c14\u7f50\u91ca\u653e\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fc5\u901f\u586b\u5145\u6c14\u56ca\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5145\u6c14\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n \n- \u89e6\u53d1\u88c5\u7f6e\u6fc0\u6d3b<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u62c9\u52a8\u62c9\u73af\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u611f\u5e94\u5668\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u6d78\u6c34\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u673a\u68b0\u5f00\u5173\u3002<\/li>\n
- CO\u2082\u6c14\u4f53\u91ca\u653e<\/strong>\uff1aCO\u2082\u6c14\u7f50\u5185\u7684\u9ad8\u538b\u6c14\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u8fdb\u5165\u6c14\u56ca\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u6c14\u56ca\u81a8\u80c0<\/strong>\uff1a\u6c14\u4f53\u8fc5\u901f\u5145\u6ee1\u6c14\u56ca\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6d6e\u529b\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u9501\u5b9a\u673a\u5236\u542f\u52a8<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u610f\u5916\u6cc4\u6c14\uff0c\u6c14\u56ca\u914d\u5907\u5355\u5411\u9600\u548c\u591a\u91cd\u5bc6\u5c01\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5145\u6c14\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe99%\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4ecd\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u8868\u73b0\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1aInternational Life-Saving Federation, 2020\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n 3.2 \u6d6e\u529b\u4ea7\u751f\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n\u6c14\u56ca\u5145\u6c14\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7a7a\u6c14\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6c34\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u6d6e\u529b\u3002\u6839\u636e\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u7269\u4f53\u6240\u53d7\u6d6e\u529b\u7b49\u4e8e\u5176\u6392\u5f00\u6c34\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6c14\u56ca\u4f53\u79ef\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6d6e\u529b\u4e5f\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n \u516c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \n$$ \nF{text{\u6d6e}} = rho<\/em>{text{\u6c34}} cdot g cdot V_{text{\u6c14\u56ca}} \n$$ \n\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n- $F_{text{\u6d6e}}$ \u8868\u793a\u6d6e\u529b\uff1b<\/li>\n
- $rho_{text{\u6c34}}$ \u8868\u793a\u6c34\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff1b<\/li>\n
- $g$ \u8868\u793a\u91cd\u529b\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\uff1b<\/li>\n
- $V_{text{\u6c14\u56ca}}$ \u8868\u793a\u6c14\u56ca\u4f53\u79ef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0cPU\u6c14\u56ca\u5e03\u6599\u6551\u751f\u8863\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u4eba\u4f53\u91cd\u5fc3\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6d6e\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u70b9\u4f4d\u4e8e\u80f8\u90e8\u548c\u80cc\u90e8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4fdd\u6301\u5934\u90e8\u59cb\u7ec8\u9732\u51fa\u6c34\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n 3.3 \u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h4>\n\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6c14\u56ca\u5145\u6c14\u529f\u80fd\u5916\uff0cPU\u6c14\u56ca\u5e03\u6599\u6551\u751f\u8863\u8fd8\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u591a\u9879\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n \n- \u5907\u7528\u6c14\u56ca<\/strong>\uff1a\u90e8\u5206\u9ad8\u7aef\u578b\u53f7\u914d\u7f6e\u53cc\u6c14\u56ca\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c14\u56ca\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ecd\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u6d6e\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u624b\u52a8\u5145\u6c14\u63a5\u53e3<\/strong>\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5728\u7d27\u6025\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u5634\u5439\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8865\u5145\u6c14\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u81ea\u52a8\u6392\u6c14\u9600<\/strong>\uff1a\u9632\u6b62\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5145\u6c14\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c14\u56ca\u7834\u88c2\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u53cd\u5149\u6761\u548c\u8b66\u793a\u706f<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u591c\u95f4\u6216\u4f4e\u80fd\u89c1\u5ea6\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9644\u52a0\u529f\u80fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n \n\u56db\u3001PU\u6c14\u56ca\u5e03\u6599\u6551\u751f\u8863\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n4.1 \u8f7b\u91cf\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h4>\nPU\u6c14\u56ca\u5e03\u6599\u6551\u751f\u8863\u7684\u5927\u4f18\u52bf\u4e4b\u4e00\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u8f7b\u91cf\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u6ce1\u6cab\u5f0f\u6551\u751f\u8863\uff0cPU\u6c14\u56ca\u5e03\u6599\u6551\u751f\u8863\u5728\u672a\u5145\u6c14\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u91cd\u91cf\u4ec5\u4e3a400\u514b\u81f3800\u514b\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u538b\u7f29\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u6781\u5c0f\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u65c5\u884c\u548c\u6237\u5916\u63a2\u9669\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n 4.2 \u8212\u9002\u6027\u4e0e\u7075\u6d3b\u6027<\/h4>\n\u7531\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u67d4\u8f6f\u7684PU\u5e03\u6599\u548c\u4eba\u4f53\u5de5\u5b66\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0cPU\u6c14\u56ca\u5e03\u6599\u6551\u751f\u8863\u5728\u7a7f\u7740\u65f6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5267\u70c8\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u9002\u6216\u963b\u788d\u547c\u5438\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u9488\u5bf9\u6c34\u4e0a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7231\u597d\u8005\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc780%\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3aPU\u6c14\u56ca\u5e03\u6599\u6551\u751f\u8863\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u6551\u751f\u8863\u66f4\u52a0\u8212\u9002\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1aSmith & Johnson, 2021\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n 4.3 \u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/h4>\nPU\u6c14\u56ca\u5e03\u6599\u6551\u751f\u8863\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u51e0\u79d2\u949f\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u5145\u6c14\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u4e89\u53d6\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u6551\u63f4\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u591a\u5c42\u9632\u62a4\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5197\u4f59\u673a\u5236\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7a81\u53d1\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8be5\u7c7b\u6551\u751f\u8863\u7684\u6545\u969c\u7387\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5343\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8fdc\u4f18\u4e8e\u884c\u4e1a\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1aNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2022\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n 4.4 \u73af\u4fdd\u4e0e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027<\/h4>\nPU\u6750\u6599\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9010\u6e10\u5411\u7eff\u8272\u73af\u4fdd\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5236\u9020\u5546\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u91c7\u7528\u53ef\u56de\u6536\u6750\u6599\u548c\u4f4e\u80fd\u8017\u5de5\u827a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b26\u5408\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n \n |